In the fall of 2005 I transferred to a school that was one year into Word Study training, so that year was a trial by fire. I learned the basics of the assessing, grouping, instructing, sorting, and assessing. The routines were set and the cycle continued. I felt pretty good about what I was doing.

As the years past, I added and deleted activities and routines as I thought I should.  I’ve taken classes here and there and was comfortable.  This summer I decided I needed to take an “official” class to update what I know.  I also wanted some credibility with the staff at my school.  If I’m the one doing training, I wanted them to have confidence in me.

Feeling pretty good about myself and thinking I’d just sit back and take the class, I found myself taking page after page of notes.  All of the information wasn’t new, but some was a new way of thinking.  I did have an earth-shattering (almost) a-ha.  I’ll post it at the end…stay tuned.  I was excited about word study all over again.  Here are some of my notes.

Meaning Introductions

It is important to make sure students are given explicit and meaningful introductions to the sort.  Each word in the sort should be described and discussed carefully.  The headers should be used, not only, as the title of the column, but as a point of reference for the generalization.  Each picture or word should be matched to the header.  As the words are added to the columns, they are described as to why they belong in the column.  It’s not enough to say, “camp belongs on this column because it ends like stump.”  We need to make sure students are using the words to explain the generalization EACH time.  “The picture “lip” belongs in the “ip” column because I hear a short i in “lip.”  Students need to be able to explain the generalization as they sort.

Meaningful Practice

The practice activities MUST enhance the feature.  If the activity doesn’t enhance the feature, don’t do it!  Word triangles, pyramids, or steps don’t teach the feature.  They don’t explain the generalization.  Create meaningful ways to practice the sorting.

• Labeling the sort cards is a valuable experience.  Students need to see the cvc, cvcc, or cvce codes when they sort, so the generalization is more concrete.  When students need to add endings to words, learning that most cvc words double the final consonant before adding the ending students will be able to spot a cvc word without much effort.   Labeling is a stairstep skill. Adding a breve (the scoop above a short vowel sound) or a macron (the line above the long vowel sound) can add another level to the label.
• Word Hunts – Another meaningful practice is the word hunt.  Students can use specaalized passages, independent books, words in the room, or poetry folder to find words that match the feature they are studying.  If their feature is a short a sort, finding short a words in their environment is important to making connections.  As they find words, they should label with cvc.  When they share their word hunts, students should be asked to explain the generalization to prove their case, similar to the justifications in the introductions.  Word Hunts are more effective if they are discussed and not just checked.
• Speed Sorts – A new take on an old favorite would be: Speed Sorts.  That’s right, speed sorts.  Nothing new, right?  Wrong.  Students should not be racing against each other.  It puts the emphasis on the contest, not on the generalization.  The new-and-improved speed sort asks students to race against themselves.  It’s still a partner sort…one person has the timer, while one person sorts against it.  Each race is recorded for speed and each person races against their own speed.  (This can also be a great homework lesson with mom’s cell phone timer.)

Meaningful Homework

If it’s not meaningful, don’t do it. It’s just a time waster for everyone. Homework is another area where word study needs to be updated.  Teachers have fallen into a rut of sorts.  Monday – write your words.  Tuesday – triangle words (UGH).  Wednesday – rainbow words (double UGH).  Thursday – practice test.  Don’t forget the new rule:  If it doesn’t ENHANCE the feature, don’t do it!  This also applies to homework.  Without using, “It’s easier on the parents” or “But the parents don’t know what to do” as an excuse…it’s about the student and it’s about the feature.  There are great ways to practice the sorts that can enhance the feature.  Here are a few ideas.

• Magic boxes are a great way to show the similar short vowel feature.  Students fill in the magic boxes with crossing vowels.  Vowels can be written with marker and pictures can be illustrated to show meaning.
• SAW – After Feature A students can use the SAW to practice.  Students SORT, ALPHABETIZE, AND WRITE.  Students should sort their cards.  Alphabetize each column individually.  Then, write the columns alphabetically.  Highlighting the features of the words in each list is mandatory.
• Sentence Triple Threat – This is not the usual “Write a sentence” activity.  This activity requires students divide their list into thirds and write three types of sentences.  One-third of the words need to be written as a declarative sentence.  One-third of the words need to be written as a question.  One-third of the words need to be written as an exclamatory sentence.  Students should make sure to highlight the feature in the words.

Meaningful Assessment

Of course, assessments are crucial.  We have to know what the students know and what they don’t know to be able to move them forward.  One of the biggest shifts in thinking is the difference between teaching in learning.  Teachers need to know if the students understand the features and are able to transfer their understanding to their own writing.  Frustrated teachers will come to me saying, “They know it on the test, but they aren’t using it in their writing.”  Well, I take a deep breath and listen up, “If they aren’t using it, they don’t know it.”  The teachers need to make the distinction between what they have “taught” and what the students have “learned.”  One way to make sure the students are applying their knowledge is to have a row or two from the original sort that demonstrates the feature and the students have not seen, added to the test. That’s right, just cut off the bottom two rows and save it for the test.  With good practice and homework, students should be able to recognize the feature and sort it appropriately on the test.  Students can also be given a dictation sentence BUT they should not be graded on any part of the sentence EXCEPT the feature words. This is not the time to assess sentence structure or sight words. Another shift in thinking is about the score the students get on a test.  Students should always get a 100% (or very close) on the test.)  If they don’t, they don’t know it and they haven’t generalized it.  Sooooo…Do IT AGAIN. Yep, do the same generalization with different words.  If everyone in the group makes a 100% except one child, then that child will need a review and a retest while the group moves on.  The bottom line is:  it doesn’t matter what you teach…it only matters what they learn. If they aren’t transferring it, they didn’t learn it.

By the way, here’s my EARTH-SHATTERING change in thinking.

Word study isn’t spelling!  Please don’t call it spelling to anyone.  It’s not about spelling, it’s about word patterns, decoding, and understanding how words work. Yep, I was in the awful habit of interchanging the terms “word study” and “spelling.”  I am so so glad I took that class last summer…and I’m not afraid to say it.  They are not the same.

I hope you have something new to try in your word study.  I hope I’ve helped you fall in love with Word Study…again.

Click here if you’d like a Classwork/Homework Idea Sheet.

Click here if you’d like a Word Study Sample Set.